WAEC Syllabus For Mathematics 2024/2025 Pdf Download

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According to wikipedia, A syllabus (/ˈsɪləbəs/; plural syllabuses or syllabi^]) or specification is a document that communicates information about a specific course and defines expectations and responsibilities. It is generally narrower in scope than a curriculum. A syllabus may be set out by an examination board or prepared by the tutor or instructor who teaches or controls the course

It makes an impression on the reader (students). Since the syllabus is one of the first materials students will have about the course, the design of the syllabus is your opportunity to make a good first impression on your students. An organized, comprehensive, easy-to-read syllabus will make a positive first impression on your students by showing them that you have put a lot of thought and effort into the organization of the course, considered what they will learn, and that you care about the quality of their experience in the course. On the other hand, a disorganized, incomplete, and hard-to-read syllabus will make a negative impression on your students by showing them that you have not thought deeply about the organization of the course or what they will learn, and it may suggest that you are not very invested in giving students a high-quality experience (Cunliff, 2015).

It sets a tone. The syllabus can set a tone for what students’ interactions with you will be like. In her article What Does Your Syllabus Say About Your Course, Weimer (2011) encourages instructors to consider how they word items in the syllabus. Policies and instructions written with a friendly and welcoming tone may encourage students to communicate with you and ask questions. Policies and instructions written with an impersonal and punitive tone may discourage students. Consider the difference in tone between these two statements:

Waec Syllabus is the tool you cannot do without during before and during your WAEC examination. It is a guide to what you are going to study. A blind man cannot get to his destination without someone or something directing him or her. If you do not study in accordance to your waec syllabus, it therefore means that you are planning to fail your examination.

To succeed in your forthcoming examination, you need to have in your grasps the complete WAEC syllabus for all subjects so that your preparation can have direction.

WAEC Syllabus For Mathematics Pdf Download

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MATHEMATICS(1)

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FULL WAEC Syllabus For Mathematics 2024/2025 Pdf Download

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SYLLABUS

The aims of the syllabus are to test candidates’:

mathematical competency and computational skills;
understanding of mathematical concepts and their relationship to the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills for everyday living in the global world;
ability to translate problems into mathematical language and solve them using appropriate methods;
ability to be accurate to a degree relevant to the problem at hand;
logical, abstract and precise thinking.

This syllabus is not intended to be used as a teaching syllabus. Teachers are advised to use their own National teaching syllabuses or curricular for that purpose.

EXAMINATION SCHEME

There will be two papers, Papers 1 and 2, both of which must be taken.

PAPER 1:

Will consist of fifty multiple-choice objective questions, drawn from the common areas of the syllabus, to be answered in 1½ hours for 50 marks.

PAPER 2:

Will consist of thirteen essay questions in two sections – Sections A and B, to be answered in 2½ hours for 100 marks. Candidates will be required to answer ten questions in all.

Section A

Will consist of five compulsory questions, elementary in nature carrying a total of 40 marks. The questions will be drawn from the common areas of the syllabus.

Section B

Will consist of eight questions of greater length and difficulty. The questions shall include a maximum of two which shall be drawn from parts of the syllabuses which may not be peculiar to candidates’ home countries. Candidates will be expected to answer five questions for 60marks.

Detailed WAEC Syllabus for general Mathematics

The topics, contents and notes are intended to indicate the scope of the questions which will be set. The notes are not to be considered as an exhaustive list of illustrations/limitations.

A. NUMBER AND NUMERATION

( a ) Number bases

conversion of numbers from one base to another.
Basic operations on number bases.

(b) Modular Arithmetic

Concept of Modulo Arithmetic.
Addition, subtraction and multiplication operations in modulo arithmetic.
Application to daily life.

( c ) Fractions, Decimals and Approximations

Basic operations on fractions and decimals.
Approximations and significant figures.

( d ) Indices

Laws of indices
Numbers in standard form (scientific notation)

(e) Logarithms

Relationship between indices and logarithms e.g. y = 10k implies log10y = k.
Basic rules of logarithms e.g.
log10(pq) = log10p + log10q
log10(p/q) = log10p – log10q
log10pn = nlog10p.
Use of tables of logarithms and antilogarithms.

Calculations involving multiplication, division, powers and roots.

(f) Sequence and Series

Patterns of sequences.
Arithmetic progression (A.P.)
Geometric Progression (G.P.)
Determine any term of a given sequence. The notation Un = the nth termof a sequence may be used.

Simple cases only, including word problems. (Include sum for A.P. and exclude sum for G.P).

( g ) Sets

Idea of sets, universal sets, finite and infinite sets, subsets, empty sets and disjoint sets.
Idea of and notation for union, intersection and complement of sets.
Solutionof practical problems involving classification using Venn diagrams.

Notations: { }, P’( the compliment of P).

(h) Logical Reasoning

Simple statements. True and false statements. Negation of statements, implications.
Use of symbols: use of Venn diagrams.

(i) Positive and negative integers, rational numbers

The four basic operations on rational numbers.
Match rational numbers with points on the number line.
Notation: Natural numbers (N), Integers ( Z ), Rational numbers ( Q ).

(j) Surds (Radicals)

Simplification and rationalization of simple surds.
Surds of the form , a and a where a is a rational number and b is a positive integer.
Basic operations on surds (exclude surd of the form ).

* (k) Matrices and Determinants

Identification of order, notation and types of matrices.
Addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices.
Determinant of a matrix

(l) Ratio, Proportions and Rates

Ratio between two similar quantities.
Proportion between two or more similar quantities.
Financial partnerships, rates of work, costs, taxes, foreign exchange, density (e.g. population), mass, distance, time and speed.

( m ) Percentages

Simple interest, commission, discount, depreciation, profit and loss, compound interest, hire purchase and percentage error.

*(n) Financial Arithmetic

Depreciation/ Amortization.
Annuities
Capital Market Instruments

(o) Variation

Direct, inverse, partial and joint variations.
Application to simple practical problems.

B. ALGEBRAIC PROCESSES

(a) Algebraic expressions

Formulating algebraic expressions from given situations
Evaluation of algebraic expressions

( b ) Simple operations on algebraic expressions

Expansion
Factorization

(c) Solution of Linear Equations

Linear equations in one variable
Simultaneous linear equations in two variables.
Drawing tangents to curves to determine the gradient at a given point.

(d) Change of Subject of a Formula/Relation

Change of subject of a formula/relation.
Substitution.

(e) Quadratic Equations

Solution of quadratic equations
Forming quadratic equation with given roots.
Application of solution of quadratic equation in practical problems.

(f) Graphs of Linear and Quadratic functions.

Interpretation of graphs, coordinate of points, table of values, drawing quadratic graphs and obtaining roots from graphs.
Graphical solution of a pair of equations of the form: y = ax2 + bx + c and y = mx + k.

(g) Linear Inequalities

Solution of linear inequalities in one variable and representation on the number line.
*Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables.
*Graphical solution of simultaneous linear inequalities in two variables.

(h) Algebraic Fractions

Operations on algebraic fractions with:

Monomial denominators
Binomial denominators

Simple cases only e.g. + = ( x0, y 0).

(i) Functions and Relations

Types of Functions
One-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many.

Functions as a mapping, determination of the rule of a given mapping/function.

C. MENSURATION

(a) Lengths and Perimeters

Use of Pythagoras theorem, *§ªsine and cosine rules to determine lengths and distances.
Lengths of arcs of circles, perimeters of sectors and segments.
Longitudes and Latitudes.

(b) Areas

Triangles and special quadrilaterals – rectangles, parallelograms and trapeziums.
Circles, sectors and segments of circles.
Surfaceareas of cubes, cuboids, cylinder, pyramids, right triangular prisms, cones and spheres.

Areas of similar figures. Include area of triangle = ½ base x height and ½absinC.
Areas of compound shapes.
Relationship between the sector of a circle and the surface area of a cone.

(c) Volumes

Volumes of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, right pyramids and spheres.
Volumes of similar solids

Include volumes of compound shapes.

D. PLANE GEOMETRY

(a) Angles

Angles at a point add up to 360 degree.
Adjacent angles on a straight line are supplementary.
Vertically opposite angles are equal.

(b) Angles and intercepts on parallel lines.

Alternate angles are equal.
Corresponding angles are equal.
Interior opposite angles are supplementary
**ª
Intercept theorem.

(c) Triangles and Polygons.

The sum of the angles of a triangle is 2 right angles.
The exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum of the two interior opposite angles.
Congruenttriangles.
Propertiesof special triangles – Isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, etc
Properties of special quadrilaterals – parallelogram, rhombus, square, rectangle, trapezium.
Propertiesof similar triangles.
Thesum of the angles of a polygon
Property of exterior angles of a polygon.
Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.

( d ) Circles

Chords.
The angle which an arc of a circle subtends at the centre of the circle is twice that which it subtends at any point on the remaining part of the circumference.
Anyangle subtended at the circumference by a diameter is a right angle.
Angles in the same segment are equal.
Angles in opposite segments are supplementary.
Perpendicularity of tangent and radius.
If a tangent is drawn to a circle and from the point of contact a chord is drawn, each angle which this chord makes with the tangent is equal to the angle in the alternate segment.
Angles subtended by chords in a circle and at the centre. Perpendicular bisectors of chords.

( e) Construction

Bisectors of angles and line segments
Line parallel or perpendicular to a given line.
Angles e.g. 90o, 60o, 45o, 30o, and an angle equal to a given angle.
Triangles and quadrilaterals from sufficient data.

(f) Loci

Knowledge of the loci listed below and their intersections in 2 dimensions.

Points at a given distance from a given point.
Points equidistant from two given points.
Points equidistant from two given straight lines.
Points at a given distance from a given straight line.

E. COORDINATE GEOMETRY OF STRAIGHT LINES

Concept of the x-y plane.
Coordinates of points on the x-y plane.

F. TRIGONOMETRY

(a) Sine, Cosine and Tangent of an angle.

Sine, Cosine and Tangent of acute angles.
Use of tables of trigonometric ratios.
Trigonometric ratios of 30o, 45o and 60o.
Sine, cosine and tangent of angles from 0o to 360o.
Graphs of sine and cosine.
Graphsof trigonometric ratios.

(b) Angles of elevation and depression

Calculating angles of elevation and depression.
Application to heights and distances.

(c) Bearings

Bearing of one point from another.
Calculation of distances and angles

*G. INTRODUCTORY CALCULUS

Differentiation of algebraic functions.
Integration of simple Algebraic functions.
Concept/meaning of differentiation/derived function, , relationship between gradient of a curve at a point and the differential coefficient of the equation of the curve at that point. Standard derivatives of some basic function e.g. if y = x2, = 2x. If s = 2t3 + 4, = v = 6t2, where s = distance, t = time and v = velocity. Application to real life situation such as maximum and minimum values, rates of change etc.

Meaning/ concept of integration, evaluation of simple definite algebraic equations.

H. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

(a) Statistics

Frequency distribution
Pie charts, bar charts, histograms and frequency polygons
Mean, median and mode for both discrete and grouped data.
Cumulative frequency curve (Ogive).
Measures of Dispersion: range, semi inter-quartile/inter-quartile range, variance, mean deviation and standard deviation.

(b) Probability

Experimental and theoretical probability.
Addition of probabilities for mutually exclusive and independent events.
Multiplication of probabilities for independent events.

I. VECTORS AND TRANSFORMATION

Vectors in a Plane

Vectors as a directed line segment.
Cartesian components of a vector
Magnitude of a vector, equal vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, zero vector, parallel vectors, multiplication of a vector by scalar.

Transformation in the Cartesian Plane

Reflection of points and shapes in the Cartesian Plane.
Rotation of points and shapes in the Cartesian Plane.
Translation of points and shapes in the Cartesian Plane.
Enlargement

UNITS

Candidates should be familiar with the following units and their symbols.

(A) Length

1000 millimetres (mm) = 100 centimetres (cm) = 1 metre(m).
1000 metres = 1 kilometre (km)

(B) Area

10,000 square metres (m2) = 1 hectare (ha)

(C) Capacity

1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) = 1 litre (l)

(D) Mass

milligrammes (mg) = 1 gramme (g)
1000 grammes (g) = 1 kilogramme( kg )
ogrammes (kg) = 1 tonne.

(E) Currencies

The Gambia – 100 bututs (b) = 1 Dalasi (D)
Ghana – 100 Ghana pesewas (Gp) = 1 Ghana Cedi ( GH¢)
Liberia – 100 cents (c) = 1 Liberian Dollar (LD)
Nigeria – 100 kobo (k) = 1 Naira (N)
Sierra Leone – 100 cents (c) = 1 Leone (Le)
UK – 100 pence (p) = 1 pound (£)
USA – 100 cents (c) = 1 dollar ($)
French Speaking territories: 100 centimes (c) = 1 Franc (fr)
Any other units used will be defined.

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